PSG has now secured the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.